Strategies for Problem Solving: Theory Analysis

Strategies for Problem Solving: Theory Analysis Corrine Conley One type of problem is known as well-defined problem which usually have a correct answer; this certain procedure will end in a solution. The other type of problem is known as an Ill-defined problem which is more common and does not have a clear defined answer or solution. The Gestalt psychologist’s laws of perceptual organization were interested in perception, learning, problem solving and even attributes and beliefs. The Gestalt approach to problem solving is based upon the foundations of the mind’s representation of the problem and the reorganization of the problems resolution in the mind. The central idea of the Gestalt approach dissects a problem and the route to solution characterized in the person’s mind. The solution to Gestalt’s experiment showed that the solution requires first understanding the object and translating it into the brain in a more understandable form. This reformation of the problem’s representation is referred to as restructuring. Restructuring also introduced the idea of insight, the abrupt recognition of a problem’s solution. This sudden realization involves discovering a crucial element that opens the doors to the resolution. Although insight does offer problem solving resolution, there are several obstacles to problem solving like fixation. Fixation is an individual’s habit of giving attention to one aspect or specific characteristic of the problem that keeps them solving the problem more quickly. Furthermore, the theory of functional fixedness is the brain’s confining of the use of an object to its most acquainted functions. The textbook refers to an example of function fixedness in â€Å"The candle problem† to hinder problem solving. Another demonstration of functional fixedness is provided by Maier’s â€Å"two-string problem† in which the participants’ task was to tie together two strings that were hanging from the ceiling. The brain’s habitual mistake of reasoning with functional fixation had to be overcome before the patients were able to come to a conclusion by restructuring their accustomed use of the pliers and achieved the solution easily. Both ex amples are referred to as mental sets, or a preconceived notion and habit when attempting to tackle a problem, usually a mental set is highly influenced by a previous personal experience of what has worked in the past. Newell and Simon saw problems in terms of initial state, or the primary conditions at the foundation of the problem and a goal state, or the solution of the problem. Their experiments had a number of possible ways to resolve the problem. Newell and Simon saw problem solving as a series of choices into the probably solution. With each creating an intermediate state, this problem space or the initial, goal and all feasible intermediate states for each individual problem. They developed a strategy called the â€Å"means-end analysis† to find a solution through one way of directly approach the search for a solution using strategies. The primary goal of the strategy of â€Å"means-end analysis† is the reduction of the difference of number of steps between the initial and goal states. This goal is achieved by using sub goals, or transitional states that are closer to the goal. Newell and Simon’s approach to problem solving is that it provided a way to identify the potential routes from the initial to goal states. Research has shown that there is more to problem solving that specifying the problem space. This research has shown that two problems with the same problems space can vary greatly in difficulty. Several techniques were studied like the â€Å"think-aloud protocol† where participants are asked to do a problem, meanwhile, project out loud to the researchers their thoughts as occurring during the intermediate states of comprehension to solve the problem. The goal of the â€Å"think-aloud protocol† is to decipher the important information and necessary thoughts leading to the solution of the problem. Often we use analogies to solve problems. The starting point of this research is to establish the connection of transferring an experience with solving one problem and the attribution of that experience to a different but similar problem. The transfer of experience is referred to as the analogical transfer and is studied to try and solve a target problem or source problem that share similarities with the target problem. Another technique would be the analogical encoding, which demonstrates participants applying a single principle to two different problems. Researchers in analogical encoding strive to find the underlying structure of the principle behind the encoding. The final analogy is the strategy of contingency, which uses negotiation to compare source stories as a strategy to train the brain to use key structural features to activate a response to a quicker more enhanced route of getting to the conclusion. Real world analogies involve problem solving illustration that Kevin Dunbar referred to as analogical paradox. Dunbar concluded that people that is analogy problems, his patients showed consistent use of surface features helping to solve the problem but in the real world they actually use deeper connections in structure. Dunbar came to this conclusion using in-vivo research is the study of real-world situations and patients reactions and decisions made in these situations. Dunbar’s team of researchers videotaped molecular biologists and immunologists during their lab meetings, and found that researchers used analogies from 3 to 15 times in a 1-hour laboratory meeting. In designing new products and in scientific problem solving, Dunbar concluded that analogies are relevant and highly useful. Compared to the average human mind, experts in particular field possess more knowledge about their field and the organization of the knowledge in their brain is more easily accessed when needed to work on a particular problem. The problems and knowledge are sorted based on structural features, such as their surface features and their deep structure. Often, experts even get to a slow start on a problem because they take additional time to understand and formulate a strategy on how to solve the particular problem. There are two types of creativity that can come into play with problem solving. The first being divergent thinking, is open-ended and involves a large number of potential solutions without any correct answer. The opposite would then be convergent thinking, the problem with a specific solution and a correct answer needing to be found. The thoughts and processes involved in creativity, and the use of creativity has very limited information available to be studied. From the research available, proof is shown that fixation does have a large effect on the ability to creatively solve a problem and when analogical thinking is used this constraint is lessened.

Precious vs Push

While reading Push, by Sapphire you are engaged in Precious’ every thought, whether it was random, or a part of what was going on in that very moment. You knew her responses to what was said to her, even if she did not respond aloud to what was being said. In the book, her own personal thoughts were intertwined with the dialect of the story. I enjoyed that aspect of the book, while in the film if you were to here all of the random thoughts and responses it would seem to be too much going on, and to confuse the reviewer. I enjoyed the fact that in the film I could look at the expression on Precious’ face and know, courtesy of the book, exactly what she was thinking. A film adaptation of a book should complement the book, still telling the story accurately and getting the characters personality and struggles or successes across and I believe the film Precious did just that. I can appreciate the book, but I am more drawn into the characters in the film than in the book. The book and the film work together and bounce off of one another to draw out what the other left dormant. In the book, you learn the stories of the classmates of the alternative school Precious was at, in the film they were able to come alive. You see ample personality in all of the girls in the film. Reading the book first, I paid more attention to the girl’s personalities in the film, maybe for the sake of comparing and contrasting, but with the book and the film combined I feel like I know those girls. In the film, the teacher of the Pre-G. E. D class, Ms. Rain was cast as a fair-skinned woman, pretty with nice hair. In the book, she was described as a darker skinned woman with dred locked hair. I enjoyed that the role was cast to fair skinned women and she was a valuable character. Yes, this woman fought for Precious sake in the film and the book, but the casting fairer skinned Ms. Rain I feel could be used to inspire Precious. Emphasized more in the book than the film, you hear Precious refer to being light skinned or correlating lighter skin with beauty and better treatment. For her to be exposed to a lighter skinned, beautiful woman that is teaching her, caring for her, helping her push is what she needs to realize who she is herself and what kind of woman she can develop into. The film cast a role of a social worker who was not white in my eyes, and in the book she is a white woman. I liked that Precious was not sure of her race, it gave a tone of the film that the social worker was a part of a ‘none-race’. A woman of a none-race was talking to her, and even though she didn’t see it, helping her. Precious was primed to believe that race mattered in relation to her well being. Being exposed to this, maybe Precious can realize that the race of those she came in contact with did not matter. A strength about the book is the ability to actually go in depth about parts of Precious’ story than the film does. If some of those things were included in the film, it would drag along and not be relative to the main points in the story that the film had to get across in a two hour period. In the book, I am grateful that Precious got to experience the incest survivor’s group meeting. She was able to see that others shared her same experience. She even got the experience of going downtown, which I got the impression that she had never been or hadn’t gone often. The book also gives a grime account of the sexual abuse committed by Precious’ father and the confused and hateful feelings she experiences from it. Honestly, I’m glad it was addressed only in the book, and not the film. I admired the director’s use of short cut scenes and flashbacks to tell those sides of the story instead of actually telling and showing the story of the abuse. The film also showed Precious and her fellow classmate’s infatuation with the male nurse John whereas the book did not include that at all. Strengths in the film were characterized by the opportunities to laugh at some of the characters, and to see that Precious sometimes too enjoyed herself. I appreciate the film showing the friendships that developed between her and the fellow classmates. I also found the most powerful scene that the book did no justice to is the monologue by Precious’ mother at the end of the film. Though a similar monologue takes place in the book, you get to see it on the actress’ face and you finally get to figure out what she was thinking all these years. Both the film and book had decent endings; one did not excite me more than the other. In the article by Hilton and von Hippel, 1996, we are given an explanation of Priming and its relevance to prejudice and stereotyping. I believe Precious had such a hard time with who she was, beside the effects of physical and sexual abuse from both her parents, due in large part to the emotional and verbal abuse she suffered from her mother. Everyday Precious was verbally put down and influenced by her mother that she equated to nothing and the only way to get through life was dependence on government aide and the negative demeanor towards whites. As much as Precious’ mother was negative toward whites, she put Precious down because she was black. Hilton and von Hippel state that how we process information is influenced by information that we have previously encountered. Precious previous encounters are her own life, and how her mother raised her to depend on welfare and be taught that white people are in place to restrict her progress. Prior experience determines what we see and hear and how we interpret that information and how we store it for later use† (Hilton & von Hippel, 1996). Precious was primed to believe stereotypes about her own race and self due to the influence of her mother. Hilton & Hippel say that â€Å"priming plays a dramatic role in the perception and evaluation of out group members†, but in the book and the film we see Precious’ inward perception of herself due to the influence of her mother and also toward out-group members such as whites, from the influence of her mother.

LOGO case study Essay

Introduction The essay is a strategic analysis for LEGO Group. LEGO Group is a famous toy company in the world, which established in Denmark. LEGO Brand is not only the familiar logo, but also the expectation. LEGO acts as a guarantee of quality and originality. LEGO’s core values are imagination, creativity, fun, learning, caring and quality. The essay will show strategic analysis by identifying the industry, analyzing general and industry environment, listing resources and capabilities, analyzing the company’s core competency, SWOT, current strategies. Then, giving the key issues. Finally, the essay will recommend the business-level strategy. Identifying The Industry Toy retail market increase 4 per cent per year in a moderate pace in 2010, but the demand for the specific fashion toy may surge or collapse rapidly. Thousands of toy manufacturers serve the global market, but the few lead industry. Mattel is the world’s leading toy manufacturer in revenue. LEGO is the world’s the third largest toy manufacturer. There are more and more toy manufactures in Asia because its labor is cheap and many subcontractors are ready to produce goods in behalf of their manufacture. Toy makers sell products through various retail channels, including chain stores, discount stores, independent toy specialists, department stores and online stores. There are three points, which need to pay attention to. Firstly, fad toys are more popular and the product life cycle decrease. Additional, children have more after-school activities. Finally, more kids choose online activities more than toys. The substitute product for toys is electronic games. Analysis of the general environments Economic element Generally, the word’s economy is still unoptimistic in the recent. Although European debt crisis has been lightened conditionally, its negative effect to global economy still last for a certain time. Labor cost is increasing. Because of multiple factors, the total cost of toy improves significantly, while its profit rate falling sharply. Socio-culture â€Å"Multiculturalism† is source of innovation and creativity. LEGO design department has more than 100 designers from more than 10 countries, satellite support team scattered all over the continents. LEGO design team maintains deliberately the diversity of designers from a variety of educational and professional background. People with any qualifications and background has the potential to become a member of this great design team. LEGO takes part in many public welfare activities for children, for example, encouraging children to joining in environment protection. LEGO has good relationship and trust. LEGO CEO Knudstrop makes a psychoanalyst to train the management team to support the good relationship. The peak of LEGO sale is during the school holidays, especially in Christmas (Yi 2009). Global element LEGO’ come products are made by plastic and chemical resource, that the price of these is influenced by the price of international crude oil. For global market, Knudstrop said that Asia market would be the company’s largest strategic area in the future and LEGO was discussing the possibility of establishing production bases. LEGO Group has not shared a strong market position in BRIC. The market in BRIC will develop strongly in the future and LEGO Groups tries to invest in the markets. For outsourcing, LEGO chooses service provider Flextrinics, which has factories in Korea, Denmark, the USA and Switzerland. Technology element In 1999, LEGO had the online shop. This decision help LEGO get more consumers. Bases on the most adept building blocks, Lego developed some braining games based on personal computer and the Internet, such as LEGO Loco, Bionicle, Lego Creator, etc. These innovations have satisfied consumer group growing in the virtual age. LEGO interact with consumers through Internet. In 2009, LEGO Children Clubs has members about 3.2 million and a dedicated website. Many adult fans of LEGO share experience, videos and pictures on the Internet. Political/legal element Global political environment is stable in general in the current. International relation between main political powers in the world has gotten a balance after strong competition, which is relative stable. To creating a favorable atmosphere for economic development and encouraging a positive development of the toy industry, most countries seek a stable, peaceful and develop international environment. Analysis of the industry Environment Bargaining power of buyers There are a few large buyers, which are large retail chains such as Kmart, Target and Big W in Australia. They buy products from many different brands. Buyers bargain for higher quality, lower price and great level of service. Bargaining power of suppliers For toy industry, there is no bargaining power of suppliers because there are many different suppliers in this industry. Risk of new entrants For toy industry, new companies are easy to entry the industry because toy industry has fewer berries. The products are similar, which is easy to copy. Toy industry does not need new firms to invest a lot and switching costs are low because most consumers so not have the loyalty. If the products are more attractive, consumers will buy, especially major target people are children. It is easy to access to distribution channels, but it is hard to cover the market because many retail ways about toys, including online stores, department stores and so on. Threat of substitute products Substitute products perform the similar function as toys, which are electronic games. As technology has improved rapidly, more children prefer to use iPod or iPad to play electronic games. Threat of substitute products is very high, which is very important. Intensity of rivalry For toy industry, there are many competitors. The rate of industry growth is  slow, so companies try to use resources to expanding consumers effectively. Because product differentiation is lower, the switching cost is low. More companies enter the industry, which promoting competition. To sum up, for toy industry, threat of new entrants is low, supplier power is low, buyer power is moderately high, threat of substitute products is very high and competition is very fierce. It observes that the toy industry is still an attractive industry. There are nearly no barriers to entry the industry. As technology improves rapidly, new scientific research and manufacturing technology apply to the toy industry continually which due to more and more new toys with high technology. If new companies have wonderful ideas or design teams, it is easy to share the market. However intensity of rivalry is high, companies still can get consumer base by catering to the demand of consumers. Because buyer power is high, new entrants do not worry about their sale ways. Analysis of Resources and Capabilities Tangible resources Tangible resources refer to assets that can be observed and quantified, including financial resources, organizational resources, physical resources and technological resources. LEGO has total assets for 10972 million DKK in 2010, 871 million DKK in cash flows and 5473 million DKK in equity. LEGO has a strong operating system to deal with earlier supply chain problems. The company developed systems to evaluating all manufacturing cost as well. The optimization of complex operating model is successful, which helps LEGO save cost and time. Additionally, LEGO’s trademark is the significant resource. Intangible resources Intangible resources are a superior source of capabilities and core competencies. Creativity is the ability to come up with ideas that is valuable. Staffs are important resource because they have employee experience and the ability of innovation. LEGO Group has the great reputation from excellence quality. LEGO has the fantastic relationship with suppliers and distributors, which can reduce unnecessary problem and makes  operating system more successful. LEGO has huge loyal consumer bases, Capabilities LEGO has a fantastic innovating system. Developers have to follow strict process and use market research insights, which can satisfy the market demand and avoid design mistakes. In marketing area, LEGO has great connections with consumers. The company has a specific website for customer club, which interact with consumers by games, stories and activities. The club has the member about 320 million. In manufacturing areas, the company has competitive advantage, which is high automation technology. For supply chain management, the company’s production planning comes from sales incentives’ exact forecasts. In distribution areas, the company builds distribution channels in order to reducing the emphasis on the expansion of the distribution costs. Innovating system is valuable, because this capability promotes the sales levels. The innovation must cover the fashion and make consumers satisfied. Each company knows this concept well, so it is not closely to imitate. The company informs customer preferences by interaction with customers and builds relationship with children and their parents, who are end users. The company also keeps in touch with retail consumers to ensuring that these links operate well, because they can provide a steady stream of information. This process needs long time and much money to build the relationship, so it is costly to imitate. Lego building distribution channels in order to reducing the emphasis on the expansion of the distribution costs. Firstly, the company reduces the number of logistics providers to satisfying the flexibility and encouraging suppliers to competing. At the same time, the company assesses to economies of scale. Redesign the distribution system of the company has the ability to surpass rival. This is rare and valuable. To do this action, the company cost a lot, so it is costly to imitate. The high automation technology is rare and valuable, which reduces labor cost and producing time. This technology needs a long time to researching and developing, which is hard to imitate. SWOT Analysis Strengths Closely after the changes of the times perhaps is the most significant feature of LEGO. In 2002, LEGO launches new products, a new Star Wars film, which is very popular. LEGO began to taking advantages of internet in designing and researching. Currently, LEGO has a large number of fans, including children and kids. The company pays more attention to reflection of consumers. The company expands the market in many countries. Weaknesses The price is higher than other toys and the company does not have enough  hypostatic stores to satisfy the consumers. Most LEGO products sell in department stores and retail stores. It is not convenience for consumers to purchase products. The high cost of manufacturing products. Opportunities LEGO products sale is concerned about seasons. The peak of sales in one year is during school holidays, especially Christmas (Yi 2009). The consumers are no concerned about ages. LEGO products are no age-limited toys and anyone can collect LEGO products. The Asia market has the great potential. Threats The substitute is the threat, which are online games. Online games affect the LEGO sales, however, LEGO has the solutions. For example, improve products to make it technological. Analysis of current strategies Currently, LEGO redesign the distribution channel to reducing the inflating distribution cost. As for this, LEGO closed 5 distribution centers in Denmark, France and Germany, establishes an only new distribution center in Czech, which is operated by DHL (walwenfanyi, 2012). Lego keep interacting with consumers to get more information the about market needs, which takes the strength of the company. Now the company develops computer games based on the LEGO products by cooperating with game firms. The company cooperates with film organizations to making movies as well (walwenfanyi, 2012). These cooperation has bee a part of LEGO Group that has long history. These actions take the strength and are the solutions to face threats. Articulation of key issues and/or problem How to reduce the manufacturing cost? Although LEGO Group grows up continually and rapidly, its consumers can not follow the increasing rate? What should the company do? How to expand the Asia market? Recommendations Cost leadership strategy Cost leadership strategy forces on reducing cost to maintain competitive advantages and relative to standardized products. To achieving cost leadership, the company must strictly control costs in the management, will reduce costs as much as possible. Considered the Asia market, Cost  leadership strategic is a good choice. There are more developing countries in Asia, so the life standard is lower than Europe. If LEGO can reduce the price, there are consumers will purchase goods. However, manufacture area is the weakness of the company and the company has redesigned the distribution channels. There are no more space to reducing the cost. Differentiation strategy Differentiation strategy refers to a strategy to make their products and competitors’ products have obvious differences. The core of this strategy is to acquire some unique value to customers. For LEGO Group, this strategy’s benefits are that the firm’s innovation system that pays more attention to consumers demand can be appeared. LEGO’s consumers have brand loyalty and there are millions of fans in the LEGO Club. There are some risks about differentiation strategy. When the company enters the Asia market, the firm will face the lower-cost imitation. Focus strategy Focus strategy gets the balance between cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Firms can serve a specific segment of an industry more effectively than industry-wide competitors. This strategy fits the toy industry a lot, because the major target consumers of this industry are children. However, for LEGO, the focus strategy is hard to reach. The reason is that LEGO’s target consumers are no age-limited people, which is its strength. In Conclusion, differentiation strategy is the best choice for LEGO Group. LEGO products were different from other products when it launched in the beginning. LEGO has the great brand loyalty, so that a differentiated product tends to reduce the chances for consumers to testing new products or other brands. Currently, the manufacturing cost is a problem. However, LEGO Group cannot use low cost instead of good quality. The firm can produce well-differentiated products to reduce consumer sensitivity to price increase. Using the better quality products to cover the high producing cost. The firm should use its strengths that are brand loyalty and innovation to expand the markets. The differentiation strategy also can  defend against new entrants, because if new entrants want to share the market from LEGO, they must produce the same quality products at lower price, which is really difficult to reach. Conclusion The above paragraphs recommend differentiation strategy by analyzing the industry, general environment, industry environment and the company’s resources, capabilities, core competency, SWOT and current strategies. LEGO can use differentiation strategy as the solutions to current issues. Using the features of differentiation to taking strengths to covering weaknesses and getting up the opportunities and avoid threats. Reference Jan, WR, Stefan, HT & Daniela, B, 2012. ‘LEGO’, Harvard Business School [7 September 2014] Waiwenfanyi, LEGO competency analysis, 2013. Available from: < http://www.waiwenfanyi.com/fanyi-1492.html> [9 September 2014] Yi, FL 2009, â€Å"LEGO sales strategic plan†, Dongding. Available from: [9 September 2014]

Dead Aid Why Aid Is Not Working And How There Is A...

Most african countries, especially those sub of the Sahara, gained independence in the late fifties through the nineties. It may be expected that, the countries (at least a majority) on the second largest continent of the world may have made some significant progress in infrastructure, economy, and other aspects of the country and improve the livelihoods of citizens; just like their coequals in other parts of the world. Yet, sub-saharan Africa is home to the majority of the world’s poor ( Moyo, 2009). The issue of underdevelopment in this part of the world and the probable cause (though there are other factors) is what Dambisa Moyo, an African herself, seeks to address in her book, â€Å"Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How There is A Better Way for Africa.† Moyo was born and raised in the southern African country of Zambia. She holds a master’s degree from Harvard University and a doctorate in economics from Oxford. She worked with the World Bank in Washington DC for two years, and eight years at Goldman Sachs as a global economist and strategist. So, it is no surprise that Moyo dwells heavily on economics in â€Å"Dead Aid† to give a roadmap on how Africa can â€Å"wean† itself off aid from the West. Moyo believes that â€Å"aid† is the root cause of the continent’s poor showing when it comes to development in all sectors. This review will try to discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses of the book and her approach to tackling the issue. Dambisa Moyo, in her bookShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Dead Aid : Why Aid Is Not Working And How There Is A Better Way For Africa1308 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Improve: Africa Is Aid Helping or Hindering Development As we were able to see in the Webtext, No More Aid To Africa, Dambisa Moyo a native of South Africa explains why she believes no more aid should be given to Africa. Her argument is provocative: not only has international aid not helped African countries modernize, it’s actually responsible for keeping the continent underdeveloped. In 2009 the economist laid out her case in the bestselling book Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and HowRead MoreAnalysis of Dambisa Moyo ´s Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa678 Words   |  3 PagesDambisa Moyo, originally from Zambia, is an economist and author of the controversial book: Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a Better Way For Africa. This very controversial book explores foreign aid and how it has harmed Africa, and in turn she offers ‘solutions’ to how Africa can thrive without foreign aid. Moyo offers four sustainable sources of funding which will allow Africa to flourish: free trade in agricultural goods, the encouragement of financial intermediation, large scaleRead MoreWhy Aid Is Not Working And How There Is A Better Way For Africa Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pagescountries perceive development aid to be a positive solution to promote growth in developing countries. Over the past 50 years, more than $1 trillion development aid has been sent to Africa (xviii). In Dambisa Moyo’s book, Dead Aid: Why Aid is Not Working and How There is a Better Way For Africa, she claims that aid has only hindered Africa. Decreasing economic growth and producing an aid dependent country. In order for Africa to break away from this detrimental aid cycle, Moyo suggests a five toRead MoreThe Dorze Community : The African Country Of Ethiopia1737 Words   |  7 Pagesstay and live a sedentary lifestyle. The Dorze community is known for their craftsmanship along with farming is their main source of living. Their skills in weaving and carpentry are exceptional which is why their homes last much longer than the typical hut. Modernism has a huge impact on the way that the Dorze have lived their life because they are slowly switching from beehive huts to a more rectangular shaped iron roof homes. The majority of the beehive homes today are mainly used for tourist attractionRead MoreU.S Foreign Aid to Africa1924 Words   |  8 PagesU.S Foreign Aid to Africa Some people speak against U.S foreign aid being sent to Africa for humanitarian reasons. Others speak out in favor of such actions. All of us have seen the news tickers with vital headlines about â€Å"people being devastated by droughts in Zimbabwe and unhygienic water in Sudan†, but what is their government doing about it. Personally, I’ve asked myself several founded inquiries about where is this foreign aid going to and what are some of the achievements being made. I’veRead More Death and Disease in Africa Essay3197 Words   |  13 PagesDeath and Disease in Africa There is one disturbing topic that this paper will cover, but many possible solutions to the problem which will be discussed. The topic is the AIDS epidemic in Africa, and what they can learn from other countries to try to control the rapid spread of AIDS. This paper will offer a few solutions one might find may (or may not) work to help Africa?s peril. Africa has a total fertility rate (TFR) of 5.2 children per woman, a problem that is not likely to go awayRead MoreAnalysis Of Katherine Boo s Behind The Beautiful Forevers2398 Words   |  10 Pagesis clear that citizens in impoverished nations are stuck in a poverty trap, where they are unable to escape even with the assistance of aid from well developed nations. Many citizens are contributing money to charities because there is a moral obligation to donate if it does not put us into a state of economic instability. On the other hand, no matter how much aid is being given to nations stuck in poverty, this money is not helping any of the citizens. The money is going directly into the hands ofRead MoreThe Invisible Cure : Collective Efficacy, Aids, And Today1789 Words   |  8 PagesSuccess in â€Å"The Invisible Cure†: Collective Efficacy, AIDS, and Today HIV/AIDS has been responsible for one of the worst epidemics in history. In her book â€Å"The Invisible Cure† Helen Epstein details why Africa in particular was so devastated by the disease, which countries failed and which succeeded in the struggle to contain the virus, and why this happened. Epstein highlights a particular phenomenon, that first took place in Uganda, but which can be translated to many countries and situations,Read MoreExamine Key Challenges Faced by the Public Sector Management of the Global South?2665 Words   |  11 Pagessuch as the security, environment, health system, education and so forth. The public sector in the global south has some key issues that need to be tackled. Some of the key challenges that needs tackling is the reduction of poverty, corruption and aid which has been prevailing for a very long time. Yet, it cannot be easily forgotten to mention the impact of colonialism on the African nations. Colonialism created economic backwardness, international vulnerability and social fragmentation. AfricanRead MoreWhat Is Meant by Developmentalism: What Is Its Impact on Global Politics?2681 Words   |  11 Pagesdeveloping countries are so reliant on the policies and implications of decisions made on a global level. This essay will examine foreign aid in the current global political state. This is adapted from the question ‘What is meant by developmentalism: what is it’s impact on global politics?’. Throughout this essay I will consider other ways in which foreign aid could be more effective regarding issues including accountability and security. Firstly, we must establish the current global state. State