Grace Wounds Before It Heals - 1224 Words

Grace wounds before it heals Throughout O’Connor’s stories, the reader is taken through a journey of a relatable pride through characters in humorous situations. Having grown up in a religious environment in Savannah, Georgia, O’Connor uses her stories to tell of the inevitability of the grace of God in everyone’s life (Gordon 2015). In the story, â€Å"Good Country People,† O’ Connor follows her traditional writing style by showcasing the misconceptions people and â€Å"traditional Christian families† have with their connection to religion. Flannery O’Connor began her life with a close connection to God, growing up with two devout Roman Catholic parents. At the age of 15, O’Connor lost her father to Lupus, further driving her beliefs and need for education. As she went through her life, she educated herself and eventually published her first novel, â€Å"Wise Blood,† which depicted her intentions as an unconventio nal novelist. O’Connor made large use of dark comedy in her writings to show her â€Å"disdain for the increasing secularism of her time† (Gordon 2015). Even as the same disease that took her father wracked her body, O’Connor used her characters to show the painstaking journey to Grace that most people will eventually follow. Despite the major social and racial changes going on during her career, O’Connor took it upon herself to show humans their general sinfulness and need for God through her writing. In a biography of O’Connor, the author describes her writing as â€Å"â€Å"the subtle tugShow MoreRelatedSpiritual Healing : Testing The Healing Techniques2649 Words   |  11 PagesTesting the Healing Techniques - Do They Really Work? By Grace Michael | Submitted On August 31, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Grace Michael Over the years that I have studied and practicedRead MoreQuiz 2 Study Guide1078 Words   |  5 Pagesirresponsible parents, they compensate effectively and find a way to become healthy and secure. a. True *b. False (Wilson, Chapter 4, p.49, para.5) 7. Studies show that girls are more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys before the age of eighteen. *a. True (Wilson, Chapter 4, p.51, para.7) b. False 8. The lust for omniscience is based on the misbelief that we can â€Å"figure out† how to change things in our lives. *a. True (Wilson, Chapter 5, pRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity By Mary Rowlandson847 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficulty moment. Rowlandson’s believe in Christianity plays an active role of her survival. â€Å"Being faithful to the service of God in her people† (258). When Mary Rowlandson, was capture she was injured by the Indian. Although she survive that wound but her daughter die. The Indians were so brutal â€Å"Barbarous creature, with our bodies wounded and bleeding, and our hearts no less than our bodies† (259). In this case Rowlandson was in pain for the loss at the same was badly treated by the IndiansRead MoreFicciones, by Jorge Luis Borges Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesNameless man, from that unknown country, whose language is untainted by Greek, the reader is thrust into a realization of sorts. In the opening of the story the reader comprehends that this man is supernatural since his wounds heal miraculously. â€Å"He was not astonished to find that his wounds had healed; he closed his pallid eyes and slept, not through weakness of flesh but through determination of will,† (â€Å"Ruins† 57) The man is so determined to have a pupil, that he conceives one out of his dream, slowlyRead MoreEssay Jesus Christ and t he Red Cross Knight1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe Greater Man in the Harrowing of Hell of Hell, or when he frees Red Cross from the dungeon. The Harrowing of Hell is described in the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus as the belief that while He was dead Christ liberated the righteous who lived before His time from Hell. (pg.104 foot#8) Red Cross will finally reach Arthurs level of heroism on the third day of the dragon fight. The climax of the allusions to Christ comes at the end of the tale with the dragon fight. Over this three day periodRead MoreThe Lost Cause : The Lost Cause Of The Civil War1572 Words   |  7 Pageshonored by both Southerners and citizens of Chicago. The New York Times article that wrote about this story used the term â€Å"Lost Cause†. This occurred in 1895, 30 years before the aforementioned story. This shows that relatively soon after the Civil War, tensions began to ease. The wounds that were created by the Civil War began to heal after the end of Reconstruction. Reconstruction began immediately following the Civil War and lasted until 1877, when President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew UnionRead MoreThe Effects of Color on Personality and Relationships Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pageseach color must be made. The uses of color have spanned many area. Color has been used for years in medical treatments around the world. Before we can discuss how these colors affect us we must first examine what each color represents independently. Red is the color of energy, vitality and power. It is used for burning out cancer, drying up weeping sores or wounds, etc.; it will warm cold areas to reduce pain. Red is a powerful healing agent for healing diseases of the blood and circulation. It willRead MoreHurt People Hurt People by Dr. Sandra Wilson Essay2462 Words   |  10 Pageshave told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world. From the time we are babies until we die we will experience hurt, trouble, tribulation. Many times deep wounds and deep hurts affect the person’s life in negative ways. Wilson points out by the title of her book hurt people hurt other people because they have experienced hurt. Hurting people have the natural reaction to isolate or close themselvesRead MoreJesus Divine Identity As Logos In The Gospel Of John1619 Words   |  7 Pagesauthority, and prophesizing  the time of revelation when Jesus claims he is the Son of Man.   In the miracle of the blind man,  Jesus heals  the man born blind by covering his eyes with clay and uses water to cleanse them. By telling the now seeing man  that  he, Jesus,  is the  Son of  Man he  grants the once blind man  physical sight as well as  spiritual sight through the grace of faith  that  only God can give. The mud on the eyes is connected to how man was made from in God’s image and the water is reminiscentRead MoreContemporary English Version Bible Vs. Human Sexuality1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthere is currently considerable confusion in regard to what is sin and what is not sin, and with regard that sexuality that is taken it as sin they are right since when the sexual relationship is consummated by those who are not married this is sin before the eyes of God, â€Å"Don t be immoral in matters of sex. That is a sin against your own body in a way that no other sin is. † 1 Corinthians 6:18 (Contemporary English Version Bible) Behold, then it must be understood that different opinions may differ

Poetry Of Sappho And Catullus - 1226 Words

The Ancient poetry of Sappho and Catullus has drawn many comparisons since their origins. In particular, Catullus’s poem 51 is a direct adaptation of Sappho’s 31. This symmetricality of the two poems allows for perfect comparison to highlight the ways in which the styles of the poets differ or resemble the other. While both Sappho and Catullus write of love, uncontrollable desire, and the overwhelming affect it has on them, Catullus brings a certain ego and self-centeredness to his poem, in turn changing the entire mood of the poem. In both 31 and 51, the poets describe the overwhelming sensation of love and lust for a lover. Both Sappho and Catullus manage to capture their affection and desire for their love, as well as the toll that this lust takes on their psyche but in doing so shed very different light on the process. Sappho’s poem’s depth and faith in love create a positive tone to the poem, while Catullus’s ego and fear tinge his poem with sadness and negativity. Sappho is able to portray this overpowering response as something thrilling and exciting. She takes the nervous energy associated with attraction and with the love of another, and shows that it is worthwhile. The positivity that she is able to weave through her poem while at the same time portraying the nervousness at the beginning of attraction paints a realistic picture of love. In the finale line of her poem, Sappho states, â€Å"all is to be dared,† illustrating how the love of another, for Sappho, isShow MoreRel atedWorks of Sappho and Catullus1135 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Sappho and Catullus Literature has the ability to reflect the society in which the piece was created and the cultural beliefs of that community. Ancient Greece and Rome have been thoroughly investigated by historical scholars. Some of the most beautiful art and literature, as well as some of the most intelligent science have come to the population of the world through the work of these ancient thinkers and artists. Ancient Greece and Rome were the homes of some of the worlds most beautiful architectureRead MoreEpic Poetry By Homer And Catullus Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pageslyrics, is the expression of love, which through Homer and Catullus, shows us how love can be expressed as erotic, familial, or as a love of place by the protagonists and secondary characters, despite whether it is the primary or secondary theme. In Greek literature a prominent author is Homer, whom we don’t know if actually existed or if ‘Homer’ is a pseudonym for a collective group of writers. Homer is popular for writing epic poetry, which follows the heroic journey of the protagonist throughRead MoreImpact of Greek Culture on the Romans790 Words   |  3 Pagesrenowned. So much so that the Romans modeled their philosophic beliefs around great Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and â€Å"absorbed the works of the Epicureans and the Stoics† (Fiero 143). Philosophy seeped through into other disciplines such as poetry, when Lucretius â€Å"popularized the materialist theories of Democritus and Leucippus† (Fiero 143). Stoicism was used not only to enforce Roman ideals, but also influenced the minds of people such as Marcus Aurelius. The Romans produced Stoic philosophersRead MoreThe Nature Of Love And Relationships Across The Many Works We Studied For This Course1942 Words   |  8 Pages were written. For example, Sappho wrote extensively about same-sex romantic love between women. â€Å"What is still unclear is what same-sex romantic or erotic love between women may have implied in Sappho s culture. What we do know is that there was not widespread fear and persecution of homosexuals in antiquity† (Hare). Sappho wrote in Poem 94, â€Å"I simply want to be dead. Weeping she left me with many tears and said this: Oh how badly things have turned out for us. Sappho, I swear, against my willRead MoreWomen in Sappho and Gilgamesh1967 Words   |  8 PagesWomen in Sappho and Gilgamesh Works of literature are cultural reflections of the time and place in which they were created. At the times of the creation of the poems of Sappho and the Epic of Gilgamesh, women were primarily seen and little heard, unless they happened to be one of the ancient deities of that culture. Women were wives and mothers of children and their position in society was based on subservience to the patriarchy who were in charge in all things. Although women could achieve some

Musci Industry Pest free essay sample

Firstly by looking at a micro and macro environmental view point using arioso analysis models a better understanding can be made of the music industry in its current state. Once establishing the fundamentals areas by which record labels can advance objectives will be set and followed by promoting and distributing an up and coming artist to her target audience. This record label Is called Mystical Records and currently manages one, up and coming artists called Thiele.Thiele is originally from Mauritius, however is now based in the UK and is looking for her big break. Back at home in Mauritius she has be compared with the likes of Shakier and Whitney Houston due to her singing style. Thiele is an urban artist, producing songs in a range of genres from RB to Danceable. She has made a name for her self back in Mauritius, and now feels that is time to tackle the International markets In particular to the UK and US music markets. 2. 0 Analysis The music industry will be analyses through both a macro and micro environmental aspect. The macro environment will be analyses using a PEST analysis, therefore determining all external factors of the music Industry. Examining legal factors concerning illegal downloaded which are affecting record label sales, and to establish any government action taken to tackle this problem. Economic factors will be analyses In terms of income and revenue of artists and record labels. The most important element being the technological factors which are also heavily influencing social factors within the music industry, through recent developments in social and mobile networks.As fans communicate and get involved with their favorite artists online offerings they are said to be in the process of online word of mouth. (Appendix 7). ; The changes in chart rules, allow up and coming artists to make their big break, this is through including online downloads to be which is allowing fans to have more control and influence over music. (Appendix 9). ; As selling CDC is no longer enough to generate revenue, many other formats have been given better consideration, such as rhinestones, concerts and video games. Each of these formats plays a part in influencing social groups and fans.For example rhinestones can portray a persons music taste which in turn can relate to that persons social group. Concerts are a more traditional format where fans gather in a social showed a mass growth in the music industry, which linked music with intellect and in turn with social status. With classical and Jazz music being linked with those who are intellectually elite, while pop and rock seemed to be linked with the general population. ; As the 20th Century developed, so did music in terms of their being more variations of genres. For example in the sass the emergence of progressive rock. (Appendix 7). Through developments across the world, in particular with technology and communications there have been changes in the style and influence of music. With musical influences coming from African, Jamaican, Latin American and Asian music through various means of media coverage all effecting social changes. ; Through increases in the number of university students there has also been a huge surge within the clubbing industry. This social activity has therefore lead there to be direct link with music.Larger clubs offer a range of music genres each in separate rooms; where as smaller clubs play certain genres of music catering to the crowds sates. 2. 1. 4 Technological Factors ; Technology has changed dramatically in recent years and has taken the world by storm, in particular within the music industry. An example of this was the introduction of online software called Anapest, which was the first POP sharing system. ; The recent developments in online social networks has allowed for there to be an added communication method between record labels and their artists fans.Every MI artist now has a Namespace page allowing fans to swap news and post stories, share their video clips taken live from their mobile handsets. (Appendix 4). Digital technology specifically has grown at alarming rates; video directors now have to create their productions so that they play well with mobile devices with 2 inch screens. (Appendix 4). ; There are increasing range of formats by which music sold in this new digital era, for example USB singles and mobile packages. (Appendix 4). ere advance of new technology is making is easier for record company marketers to target large portions of the youth and adult markets, through mediums such as social and mobile networks. (Appendix 5). ; The number of MPH player inventions has also urged in recent years with market introductions of the Apple pod and the Sony River. In this case a large majority of the music is downloaded via POP networks. There are increasingly becoming more and more formats where music can be applied to. (Appendix 7). New technologies have influenced relationships in the music industry greatly, as artists become more independent the major record labels are loosing out, and the fans are dictating what they want from music and having more communication with artists. (Appendix 8). ; Music downloaded to computers, mobile phones and any other digital device are all now calculated when establishing USIA charts due to their large presence in this modern era. Information and communication technology has created a new platform for music. (Appendix 11 12). ; The digital era has largely affected the methods by which music is created and performed.

The History of The 12 Days Of Christmas Essay Sample free essay sample

There is one Christmas Carol that has ever baffled me. What in the universe do jumping Godheads. Gallic biddies. swimming swans. and particularly the partridge who won’t come out of the pear tree have to make with Christmas? From 1558 until 1829. Roman Catholics in England were non permitted to pattern their religion openly. Person during that epoch wrote this carol as a catechism vocal for immature Catholics. It has two degrees of significance: the surface significance plus a concealed significance known merely to members of their church. Each component in the carol has a codification word for a spiritual world which the kids could retrieve. The partridge in a pear tree was Jesus Christ. Two turtle doves were the Old and NewTestaments. Three Gallic biddies stood for religion. hope and love. The four naming birds were the four Gospels of Matthew. Mark. Luke A ; John. The five aureate rings recalled the Torah or Law. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of The 12 Days Of Christmas Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the first five books of the Old Testament. The six geese a-laying stood for the six yearss of creative activity. Seven swans a-swimming represented the septuple gifts of the Holy Spirit-Prophesy. Serving. Teaching. Exhortation. Contribution. Leadership. and Mercy. The eight amahs a-milking were the eight blessednesss. Nine ladies dancing were the nine fruits of the Holy Spirit – Love. Joy. Peace. Patience. Kindness. Goodness. Faithfulness. Gentleness. and Self Control. The 10 Godheads a-leaping were the 10 commandments. The 11 pipers shrieking stood for the 11 faithful adherents. The 12 drummers beating symbolized the 12 points of belief in the Apostles’ Creed. So that’s your history for today. May God grant you peace and happiness throughout this Christmas Season.

Dont Use Je Suis Fini

Dont Use Je Suis Fini To say Je suis fini in French is a serious mistake and one to be avoided.   This mistake is caused in part by the fact that in the English translation finished is an adjective, while in French its the past participle of a verb. So when you want to say I am finished, it seems logical to translate that as Je suis fini. Unfortunately, this is quite a dramatic thing to say in French and it means I am dead, Im finished! Im done for! Im ruined! or Im all washed up! Imagine the look on your French girlfriends face if you say, Je suis fini! Shell think youre about to expire! Or shell burst out laughing at your mistake. Either way, not so good. Never use  Ãƒ ªtre fini  and  ne pas à ªtre fini  when referring to people, unless you have something pretty earth-shattering to announce or youre maliciously insulting someone. To avoid this scenario, think of the English as I have finished instead, and this will remind you that you need to use the passà © composà © in French  and that the auxiliary verb for finir is avoir, not à ªtre.  Thus, avoir fini is the correct choice. Even better, use the colloquial avoir  terminà ©, especially when referring to the completion of a task or activity. For instance, if a waiter asks  if he or she can take your plate, the correct (and polite) expression is: â€Å"Oui, merci, j’ai terminà ©.†Ã‚   The Wrong Way and the Right Ways In brief, these are your options: Avoid using finir with à ªtre:   Être fini   to be done for, washed up, finished with, ruined, kaput, dead, or dying.   Choose verbs with avoir: Avoir fini   to be done, to be finishedAvoir  terminà ©   to be finished, to be done Examples of Je Suis Fini Si je dois les rembourser,  je suis fini.  Ã‚  If I have to refund their money,  Im done.Si à §a ne marche pas,  je suis fini.  Ã‚  If it doesnt work out,  Im through.Mà ªme si on sen sort,  je suis fini.   Even if we get out of here,  Im finished.Si je la perds,  je suis fini.  Ã‚  If I lose her,  Im finished.Je suis fini.   My career is over. / I have no future.Il nest pas fini.  (informal)   Hes retarded / a moron. Examples of Jai Fini   Jai donnà © mon à ©valuation, et  jai fini.  Ã‚  I gave my assessment, and  Im done.Je  lai fini  hier soir.  Ã‚  I finished  it last night.Je  lai fini pour ton bien.  Ã‚  I finished  it for your own good.Grà ¢ce toi,  je  lai fini.  Ã‚  Thanks to you,  I finished  it. Examples of Jai Terminà © Je vous appelle quand  jai terminà ©.  Ill  call you when  Im done.Donc  je  lai terminà ©Ã‚  au bout de quelques jours. So  I finished  it in a couple days.Jai presque terminà ©.  Ã‚  Im nearly finished.Ça suffit,  jai terminà ©.  Ã‚  Thats all;  Im done.Jai adorà © ce livre. Je  lai terminà ©e  hier soir. I loved this book.  I finished  it last night.  Je suis bien soulagà © den avoir terminà © avec cette affaire. Im so relieved to have seen the end of this business.

Why Doctors Need Emotional Intelligence More Than IQ

Why Doctors Need Emotional Intelligence More Than IQ However competent and caring a physician is, there are still some areas where they might struggle- within a business-centric clinic model, for example, or when resisting a strong pharmaceutical sales pitch. Fortunately one area where most doctors excel is emotional intelligence (EI), a key quality business consultants are constantly trying to instill in shark-toothed CEOs. According to Dr. James C. Salwitz, over at KevinMD.com, â€Å"EI is the ability to identify and manage both your own emotions and those of others; to be aware of and control feelings and, most importantly, help others use emotions, in order to make calm, clear decisions.† It’s the skill set that helps doctors master their own feelings and aid  patients and families working through difficult moments. It should be no surprise that many doctors already have this talent–it’s what leads them into the job in the first place.Not every doctor can be a superstar, of course. Whether through burn out, a personal lack of empathy, or a convergence of difficult personal and professional circumstances, some doctors have trouble getting or maintaining that control over their emotions.It may help to make a mental checklist when going into a fraught situation. How quickly can you identify what you’re feeling? What the patient is feeling? What their family members are feeling? Are you thinking like a team player, and helping prepare your colleagues for pitfalls you can see coming? Can you anticipate the emotional needs of your patients and help them develop a plan to cope?Make sure you’re putting all your empathy skills to good use, and you’ll be a sought-after doctor with an enviable EI!

The Person of Christ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Person of Christ - Essay Example a. Christ’s Deity There are many passages in the Bible that confirm that Jesus is divine. Here are a few examples:- In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God†¦And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth 2 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known3. Thomas answered him, â€Å"My Lord and my God!†4 Even though scripture clearly states the deity of Christ, these scriptures are often challenged. For instance there are those that believe that Jesus never called himself God and any verse that suggests so was written by His disciples in order to deify the man that significantly impacted their lives. There are some who believe that Jesus was only a great teacher of morality which would at best place him at per with other religious leaders.5 This notwithstanding, Jesus’ own underst anding of his deity can be seen in six primary ways. First is that he taught with divine authority 6 The difference with Jesus and the other religious teachers of his time like the Pharisees and Sadducees is that they had no authority when they presented their teaching. They derived their authority from earlier authorities.7 In fact, even Moses and all other prophets of the Old Testament sis not speak with their own authority but with the authority of the Lord. Jesus however, interprets the Old Testament thus: You have heard it said†¦but I say†¦8 it is this same authority that Jesus used to affirm himself as Lord and Judge who will reward the righteous and judge the wicked. The second view of Christ’s deity is his relationship with God the father. We see Jesus as a young boy seated in the temple discussing scripture with the teachers of the law. His parents went over looking for him and when they finally found him, his answer to their question on why he wandered fro m them was, Why were you looking for me? Did you not know that I must be in my Father’s house?9(Luke 2:49) Jesus referred to God as His father in many other places in scripture and this assertion may be considered a radical assertion but it is also a good proof of his deity. In fact, such an assertion was not a very common thing in Jewish literature and it made him unique from other Jewish leaders both past and present. The third illustration is the phrase â€Å"son of man† which Jesus used over and over again to refer to himself. Even though the phrase might simply mean a son of a human being, Bible scholars believe he was using it in reference to the son of man described in Daniel 7 who was to be a ruler of the whole world. 10 There are many instances in Scripture in which Jesus affirmed himself as the messianic son of man. For instance, he stated that he had authority to forgive sin and he even did what was considered by experts of the law as work on the Sabbath by healing the paralytic man. Fourthly, Jesus taught many things that emphasised on his real identity. He taught about the kingdom of God in which he was a son. He taught on how he was around even before Abraham was. His emphasis on his identity can easily be seen in the question he asked

Whats cool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Whats cool - Essay Example Different people had their own way of defining it. To begin with, cool was seen as a behavioral characteristic. Cool mainly, was a behavioral attitude practiced by black American men in the US. As a slang word, it was used to mean that a person is ok or in a relaxed state (Simchona par 1). Cool is also a positive attribute assigned to an awesome or great thing. Underdogs, rebels, and the likes of slaves, prisoners, bikers and political dissents, all fostered a cool attitude. This rebellion often invited punishment. Other people view cool as a state of well-being. In the modern society, cool is seen to bring a sense of serenity and internal peace. Other terms used to explain this is the absence of conflict, a state of balance and harmony. This meaning is of an African origin. In other cases cool can be used to describe the absence of excitement or composure in a person. The idiom, ‘Keep your cool’ best defines this. Also in the phrase ‘I’m cool with that’, used to express agreement or assent (Bornstein 3). People also view cool in the form of aesthetic appeal; it is taken as an attitude adopted by intellectuals and artists, who have aided in its infiltration into the culture. Today, it is a global phenomenon having spread across the globe. In fact, the concepts of cool have existed in several cultures over the centuries. Cool has also existed as an epithet. It is a common slag word among the young people and is well understood by the English- speaking people. It has gone to the extent of being used as a vocabulary in languages besides English. It is seen generally as an epithet with a range of related adjectival meanings. Through creativity and innovation, cool appears to be a classic case of resistance to authority. A paradoxical fusion of submission and subversion is represented by â€Å"so cool† (Bornstein 6). In the early 1960s and 1970s, cool like groovy was a very popular expression of satisfaction. Like groovy,

Religion, Spirituality, and Health Status in Geriatric Outpatients Essay Example for Free

Religion, Spirituality, and Health Status in Geriatric Outpatients Essay Daaleman, Perrera and Studenski wished to re-examine the effect of religiosity and spirituality on perceptions of older persons, operationalized as geriatric outpatients. The authors proceeded from two conceptual constructs.   The first is that self-reported health status is central to aging research.   The old know whereof they speak.   Self-ratings are valid because they correlate well with health status over time and, consequently, health service utilization.   The second construct is that, no matter how morally they lived as young adults, those in late middle age come to embrace religion and spirituality with more fervor. Prior research had scrutinized the relationship between religion and health perceptions.   Some results were inconclusive, an outcome that the authors attributed to failure to control for such covariates as spirituality. Definitions vary, the authors acknowledged, but they proposed defining â€Å"religiosity† as principally revolving on organized faith while â€Å"spirituality† has more to do with giving humans â€Å"meaning, purpose, or power either from within or from a transcendent source.†Ã‚   In turn, the dependent variable was measured by a single-item global health from the Years of Healthy Life (YOHL) scale, a self-assessment of general health (would you say your health in general is †¦) and a 5-item Likert response from excellent to poor. Fieldwork consisted of including a 5-item measure of religiosity15 and a 12-item spirituality instrument in a 36-month health service utilization, health status, and functional status study among 492 outpatients of a VA and HMO network, all residents of the Kansas City metropolitan area. The authors were remiss in not formally articulating their hypotheses for the study though one gleans that the alternative hypothesis could have stated, â€Å"Structured religion, a deep sense of spirituality, mental status and mobility, and personal and demographic variables materially influence measures of health status and physical functioning.† In the end, the data was subjected to univariate and multivariate best-fit statistics.   The key findings: Table 2. Predictors of Self-Reported Good Health Status (N = 277) Factor* Unadjusted OR (95% CL Adjusted OR (95% CI) Age 0.94 (0.89–0.99)†  Male 0.72 (0.41–1.25)†¡ White race 2.79 (1.51–5.17) § 3.32 (1.33–8.30) ¶ Grade school 0.1 (0.02–0.49) ¶ Some high school 0.28 (0.06–1.44)†¡ High school graduate 0.24 (0.05–1.14)†¡ Technical/business school 0.29 (0.06–1.43)†¡ Some college 0.31 (0.06–1.49)†¡ Not depressed (GDS) 32.4 (4.03–261) § Physical functioning(SF36-PFI) 1.04 (1.03–1.05) § 1.03 (1.01–1.04) § Quality of life (EuroQol) 1.69 (1.41–2.01)†  1.36 (1.09–1.70)†  Religiosity (NORC) 0.93 (0.85–1.02)†¡ Spirituality (SIWB) 1.15 (1.10–1.21) § 1.09 (1.02–1.16)†  OR = odds ratio; CI = confi dence interval; GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; SF36-PFI = Physical Functioning Index from SF-36; NORC = National Opinion Research Center; SIWB = Spirituality Index of Well-Being. *Referent factors: age-1 year younger; female, nonwhite; college graduate; GDS score of 0-9; PFI-index of 1 less; EuroQol-score of 0.1 less; SIWB-score of 1 less. †  P = .01. †¡ P = NS.  § P .01.  ¶ P .05. After adjusting for all covariates, the authors tentatively concluded that spirituality was an important explanatory factor for perceptions of one’s own physical well-being.   That religiosity did not seem statistically relevant, the authors concede, could be due to having defined the variable partly as attendance at religious services, a behavior possible only if the patient was functional and ambulant.   Still, the authors argue, they did include other measures of religiosity and the regression model did hold being functional constant. While the study did establish a relationship between self-perceptions of health and spirituality, the authors themselves point out the possibility that the two variables are not independent.   The conceptual framework of the SIWB spirituality measure includes a â€Å"high degree of positive intentionality†, which strikes one as very similar to health optimism as independent variable. Article 2: Religious coping and psychological functioning in a correctional population Lonczak, Clifasefi1, Marlatt, Blume, . Donovan tested the relationship among religious upbringing, coping and mental health outcomes in the admittedly-stressful prison environment. This time, the authors do not mince words.   They preface the literature review with the majority’s belief in God (or some higher being) as the core aspect of religiosity.   Second, they point out that two separate meta-analysis carried out in 1983 and 2003 showed mixed results for a relationship between religiosity and coping.   Perhaps, they argue, this is because religious coping has negative-coping aspects, such as the conviction that all one’s troubles are due to abandonment by God. Since a search of the literature had revealed only one study concerning prisoners – the positive effect of meditation on recidivism psychological symptoms in India – Lonczak et al. thought to embark on this study of a neglected population.   Secondly, the authors hoped to advance theory by defining religious coping more specifically than had ever been done. There were multiple hypotheses attending this study: That the high degree of stress experienced by prisoners triggers an increase in religious coping behaviors (e.g., prayer, reading, spirituality, attendance in religious activities, etc.). That the positive coping encouraged by religiosity brings about comfort and solace and hence increases the likelihood of adaptive outcomes. That a religious upbringing provides individuals a repertoire of positive coping behaviors from which to draw strength. Coming to data processing and statistical â€Å"tests†, Longczak et al. employed principal component analyses using Varimax rotation.   The result was a four-factor model with their respective Cronbach alpha reliability estimates: Spirituality (0.97); â€Å"Good deeds† and active participation in coping related activities (0.89); Pleading (0.83); and, Discontentment (0.74). In addition, the researchers administered the Brief Symptom Inventory to measure four dimensions: depression, anxiety, somatization and hostility. At the first stage of analysis, relationships between religiosity on one hand and either gender or ethnic group on the other were tested for in bivariate correlations, t-tests, ANOVAs, or chi square tests. Subsequently analyses involved four hierarchical linear regressions (one for each outcome) including both gender and stressful life events by each of the five religion measures.   In order to examine the relationships between religion-focused predictors and outcomes with and without separate statistical adjustment for sociodemographic variables, variables were processed in a given sequence (below) and non-significant terms removed from later analyses. Religious upbringing, participation, spirituality, pleading and discontentment in the first block; Gender, ethnic group, age, education, and stressful life events in the second block; and, Interaction terms in the third and fourth blocks. The findings provided support for the hypothesis that an upbringing characterized by formal or structured religion has positive mental health ramifications, including less depression and hostility.   Secondly, women are more adversely affected by discontentment-based coping.   Religious pleading notwithstanding, thirdly, prisoners who had experienced stressful life events were more likely to evince depression and hostility. Article #4: Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders Huguelet et al. also focused on religion, this time in relation to psychosis and, specifically the propensity to suicide. Among the 115 patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders covered by the study, 43% had previously attempted suicide.   Broadly speaking, the team wished to find out whether religion was a protective or impelling factor in these suicide attempts. Suicide deserves attention, the authors maintained, because over 9 in 10 suicides are accompanied by a diagnosis of psychiatric illness.   Over the lifetime of a schizophrenic, in particular, meta-analysis has shown a 0.049 probability of death by suicide. Given the importance of reducing suicidal behavior, it seemed encouraging that spirituality and religious activities had ameliorate the risk.   Prior research on piety and spirituality had suggested that the coping mechanisms could involve both a more positive world view and a shield against stress. HYPOTHESIS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: No relationship could be found for religiousness and the tendency to attempt suicide.   Twenty-five percent of all the study subjects acknowledged that religion inhibited them from considering suicide versus only one in ten that articulated an â€Å"incentive† role for religion. Overview of Findings The four articles explored different facets of spirituality and religiosity.   Daaleman, Perrera and Studenski related spirituality to health perceptions.   Lonczak et al.turned their attention to whether a religious upbringing helped adults cope better with a stressful environment, imprisonment in this case.   In the case of Huguelet et al., the question was whether present religious beliefs encouraged suicide or strengthened coping mechanisms for resisting self-destructive compulsions. After adjusting for all covariates, Daaleman, Perrera and Studenski tentatively concluded that spirituality was an important explanatory factor for perceptions of one’s own physical well-being.   Religiosity was not a factor, for reasons already explained.   One doubts this will be the last word on the matter, however, since the study lacked rigor. Nonetheless, the finding about spirituality is helpful given that therapy is a way of expanding awareness and identity.   As well, Transactional Analysis â€Å"recognizes the spiritual dimension of each person as an important part of the therapeutic process† (Trautman, 2003).   On the other hand, one realizes the limitations of analyzing spirituality vis-à  -vis health perception when the two variables overlap, at least on the aspect of optimism. One is therefore led to wonder, might it not advance therapy theory and praxis if: a) Spirituality and religiosity were qualitatively tested as a compound, unified variable; and, b) Health-related research include objective measures of well-being as the realistic dependent variable? For Lonczak et al. the implications for counseling have more to do with discontent and religious pleading. Counseling might address the roots and implications of religious distress and assist patients in developing more adaptive coping strategies.   Notwithstanding the focus on a tightly defined population segment (older adults jailed for alcohol- and drug-related offenses), the authors are correct to point out the immense social good clinicians and prison administrators could foster if low-cost religious or spirituality-enhancing programs did contribute to â€Å"significant reductions in behavior management problems, psychological impairment, and subsequent recidivism.† Similarly, the findings of Huguelet et al. suggest that suicide rates among psychotic patients could well be reduced if therapy embraced reinforcement or revival of religious beliefs.   References Trautmann, R. (2003) Psychotherapy and spirituality. Transactional Analysis Journal, 33, (1) 32-36.

Essay examples --

Canada’s Geospatial Data Infrastructure Case Study Introduction Geo-Connection is a national program led by natural resource Canada. It is design to use spatial data across the country and to develop the Canadian Geo-Spatial data Infrastructure (CGDI). It is online resource for spatial data which provides sharing, access and use of spatial information required to any organization. It helps to decision makers, economic, environmental, academic purposes in all the private and government sectors. Infrastructure is consists of technologies polices and standards. It allowed to share geo-Spatial information and visualization of data at all levels and on the internet. Spatial Data Infrastructure A spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a data infrastructure implementing a framework of geographic data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. Another definition is the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data. [1] Three Phases of Geo-Connections. Phase I: In 1999 to 2004 Geo Connections established. Geo base is developed. All the data provided on the internet by the help of GEOTANGO and the all free data provided by Google. Phase II: In the period of 2005-2009 the geo connections is implemented and used to monitor the disease infection and threats to lives of people successfully. Multi-Agency Situational Awareness System (MASAS) used to monitor floods. Phase III: Objectives †¢ Increase awareness †¢ Provision of integration †¢ Implementation of national polices Challenges †¢ New Technologies and approaches †¢ Provision of Access to all informa... ...to spatial data. †¢ Table Joining Service (TJS) It works as front-end of WMS and provides real time mapping of spatial data. It describe tabular information linked with spatial data. †¢ Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) It provide cartographic access instead of direct access to data. Client can access data by requesting its theme. Tile mapping becomes very popular now a days. Geo Portal The Geo-Connections Discovery Portal is a metadata catalogue that allows GIS users, producers and data providers to discover, calculate, access, visualize and publish Canadian geospatial and geoscience data products and Web services. [3] http://geodiscover.cgdi.ca/web/guest/home References 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_data_infrastructure 2. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geomatics/canadas-spatial-data-infrastructure/8902 3. http://geodiscover.cgdi.ca/web/guest/home

My Speech About Adolf Hitler and Diversity, and How to Explain It to Grade School Children, If I Were the Teacher

There is no nice way to explain who Adolf Hitler was, and what he was guilty of. There would of course, have to be notices sent home to parents explaining what is going to be taught and they would of course need to sign a permission slip for each student. My Speech about Adolf Hitler and Diversity All men and women, were created equal but sometimes if a person who has something against another type of person, very bad things can happen. People can get hurt, and we don’t want anyone to be hurt, do we?I am here today to explain to all of you why it is wrong to judge other people. There was once a man called, Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler, was the chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Hitler was also the head of the Nazi Party in Germany a long time ago. Hitler believed that not all men were the same. Because of his beliefs, he led Nazi Germany on an attack against people who in his mind, were bad people because they were different. The Nazi Party were a group of men and women wh o believed how Adolf Hitler believed.Hitler, was the head of these Nazis but because they were all in a position of power, they used their power to hurt other people. The Nazi’s main targets were the Jewish people. Hitler commanded his Nazis to capture all Jewish people, and then separate them into Concentration Camps. Once the Jewish men, women and children were there, they were abused and in most cases, killed. The Nazis also targeted people who were against their cause. There were many people who were against them. Adolf Hitler was guilty of organizing over 11-million deaths.Over 6-million people were Jewish. Not only did Adolf Hitler hate people who did not fit into his idea of what a person should look like, what they should believe or what race they were, but he also targeted people with disabilities. Hitler married a woman named Eva Braun. The Red Army (which was a militia of Russian peasants and workers), along with America and Britian, defeated Nazi Germany on May 2, 1945. Survivors who were enslaved in the Concentration Camps were freed. Hitler and Eva Braun killed themselves.So really this is a lesson to you all. Accept people for who they are and enjoy the fact that not everyone is alike. Diversity is a blessing and a person or a nation can grow from diversity because we can learn new things. Take America for instance: we have pizza from Italy, we get the word Kindergarten from Germany, we have Chinese food restaurants, and Mexican food! That is just to name a few. We are rich in culture! Diversity is awesome guys and remember: all men and women were created equal.

Chekhov Setting Analysis The Lady with the Dog Essay

In Anton Chekhov’s story â€Å"The Lady with the Dog. † the main characters Dmitry Gurov and Anna Sergeyevna partake in an affair while in Yalta. Chekhov creates this with words that capture a place and time, the movements between two people and emotions of love discovered but contained in secrecy. The central idea of this story is that in reality everything in this world is truly beautiful when on reflects on it, except when we forget our dignity and our higher aim in our mere human existence. The setting in this story helps us understand the central idea by throwing in the stepping stones for these two people to sit back and look at their surroundings each time they meet. With every meeting comes a deeper understanding of the feelings being felt. In the first passage there is a lot of people gathered on a pier, everyone seems to be waiting on someone therefore not putting much attention or thought to the young lovers. This gives them that ability to sneak without much detection from anyone that may recognize them. The tone seems light but still prominent. The author writes, â€Å"In the evening, when the wind had dropped, they walked to the pier to see the steamer come in. There were a great many people strolling about the harbour; they had gathered to welcome someone, bringing bouquets. And two peculiarities of a well-dressed Yalta crowd were very conspicuous: the elderly ladies were dressed like young ones, and there were great numbers of generals. † The â€Å"great many people strolling about the harbor† make it easier for the pair to be part of the rea; world but still only really existing in their own realm without fear of being caught. Also the â€Å"well-dressed Yalta crowd were very conspicuous† so all the notice and attention would be on the â€Å"elderly ladies dressed like young ones† and on the â€Å"great numbers of generals. † The setting helps communicate the central idea, Chekhov did not look for a moral solution but instead hangs Gurov and Anna in a state of having no end that allows them to speak of what is real. As soon as Anna leaves, Gurov does not feel at home in Yalta anymore. In the story the author writes â€Å"The train moved off rapidly, its lights soon vanished from sight, and a minute later there was no sound of it, as though everything has conspired together to end as quickly as possible that sweet delirium, that madness. Left alone on the platform, and gazing into the dark distance, Gurov listened to the shrilling of the grasshoppers and the hum of the telegrap wires, feeling as though he had only just awakened. † When Anna leaves Yalta, it signals a shift in atmosphere and mood â€Å"as though everything had conspired together to end as quickly as possible. Gurov had a â€Å"feeling as though he had only just awakened. † And at that moment quickly decides it’s time for him to go north as well. The passage reveals how out of place and uncomfortable he feels with Anna gone â€Å"standing alone on the platform and gazing into the dark distance, listened to the shrilling of the grasshoppers and the humming of the telegraph wires. † Each of these an example of something unpleasant reflecting the emotions continuing to develop in Gurov. Anna brought about a softening of his heart, allowing him to love for the first time in his life.

Photo project essays

Photo project essays The poem that I chose, entitled How Lucky to Have Had So Good a Father, was one that I found on the Internet. The author is unknown. Basically, the poem is about the ideal father, one that is fun, hardworking, warm, and loving. It is quite a short poem, but it gets its message across very well. This poem relates to me because I believe that my father was everything that this poem described. He was a very hardworking man, even though he was born with a chronic heart problem. He died last November of a heart attack and when I stumbled upon this poem it reminded me of him. I decided to choose this poem because I felt that this project was something I can give to my mom as sort of a keepsake memory of what my dad stood for. Every single line of the poem can be related to my dad and the life he lived. Furthermore, I believe that the title of the poem represents me, as well as my brother, very well. After I chose this poem, I knew exactly what picture to take. Of course, I could not take I picture of my father since he was deceased, so I photographed my fathers tombstone. The picture represents the poem very well. The tombstone reads my fathers name as well as the last name that he passed down to me. I took the picture at a very low angled position just to emphasize his name a little bit more. I also used the vase to the rate to try and frame the picture so the eye is directed straight to the name. The only thing I wanted really was to capture the name on the stone, because that name, including the poem that I selected, represents my dad. ...

Prime Marks

Prime Marks Prime Marks Prime Marks By Maeve Maddox A reader commenting on a recent post about the En Dash introduced me to a punctuation term that was unfamiliar to me: â€Å"the prime mark†: Heres one for you: teaching about the apostrophe versus the prime or foot mark. Same with the quote marks versus the inch marks. I can only guess that this reader must teach students in specialized fields like mathematics, science, or linguistics, in which prime marks serve important purposes. Like the apostrophe, the prime mark (or two or three) is placed at the upper right of a number or other symbol. Unlike the apostrophe- which is vertical- the prime slants in the direction of the French accent aigu in the word à ©levà ©, but it doesn’t lean as far to the right. Now that I know what a prime mark is and how it differs from an apostrophe, I plan to continue using apostrophes and quotation marks on the rare occasions I want to abbreviate feet, inches, hours, or minutes. I can think of only two common uses of prime marks that one might see in a general publication: 1. To indicate feet and inches, as in this example from a feature in The Telegraph: At 6’5† [sic] Gareth May is no stranger to the giant jibes.   2. To note latitude and longitude, as in these coordinates for the city of San Francisco, California: Latitude: 37 °46†²29†³ N Longitude: 122 °25†²09†³ W A third use that I am familiar with is to indicate hours and minutes. For example, when timing a speech, I use the notation 1’15† to indicate â€Å"one hour, fifteen minutes.† In this context, seconds don’t concern me. Then there’s the ditto mark. Apparently it differs from the double prime in some way because Unicode defines them differently, but most people use quotation marks when they want to use ditto marks to repeat items in a list: Item 1 ream paper red blue green In specialized contexts, distinguishing between apostrophes, quotations marks, prime and double prime may be crucial. In general usage, however, apostrophes and quotation marks work just fine. One concession a writer can is to use straight apostrophes and quotation marks instead of the curly ones. For all you can possibly want to know about the significant uses of the prime mark, explore the Wikipedia article â€Å"Prime (symbol).† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Examples of Passive Voice (And How To Fix Them)3 Types of HeadingsPlurals of Proper Names

What is panopticism, and how is related to Google Glass Essay

What is panopticism, and how is related to Google Glass - Essay Example The first one was that there was strict spatial partitioning, then the inspection functions were carried out ceaselessly and that the surveillance was based on a system of permanent registration. He also constructs on Bentham’s conceptualization of the panopticon as he expounded upon the purpose of disciplinary mechanisms in such a prison and showed the work of discipline as a tool of power. This paper, therefore, is going to talk briefly about panopticism and how it is related to Google Glass. Panopticism is yet again further explained by Foucault as the power that is not known. The operator of the tower that as centrally placed and suggesting that they have come and observed that anyone can be able to come and exercise in the central tower the functions of surveillance holds it. That being the case Foucault can gain a clear idea of practicing surveillance. The architecture hinted that this panoptic design could be in use for any population under observation and control, for example; prisoners, schoolchildren, medical patients, or workers. To add to that, panopticism is related to Google Glass in a way, and that is what the paper wants to look at expound on. Google Glass has stirred many media attention ever since the parent company, which is Mountain View Company, announced the gadget in the start of the year 2013 that the device was available for developers to obtain. Google from then has been able to put promotions on ambitious media campaign with the main aim of convincing users of the benevolence of their new gadget. When this device can be made general amongst, the public people will be able to see how the relation with machines will be a closer one. It is since people have been able to use mobile applications like connectivity, geo-localization, and immediate access to information. All these people have already had a taste of thanks to the manufacture of the smart phones (Foucault, 1995, pp 197-

Discuss the definition and Sources of Christain Theology and how is Essay

Discuss the definition and Sources of Christain Theology and how is Systematic Theology related to Christain Ethics - Essay Example 578). The word theology is made up of two words that have a Greek origin: theosthat means God whereas logos means study. In brief, theology is the study that is aiming at knowing more about God. Systematic has a Greek origin; synistemimeaning to comprehend or in other word to organize. Therefore, systematic theology is the organization of the information about God (Webster, Tanner & Torrance 2007, p. 648). Systematic theology integrates many aspects of historical, biblical and philosophical theology. The aim of the systematic theology is to get clear knowledge of the Biblical teachings towards particular doctrines (McGrath 2001, p. 115). The theological disciplines that are in relation to the systematic theology are historical theology, apologetic theory, practical theology, exegetical theology, biblical theology and practical theology. Apologetical Theology deals with the questions arising from the Christian faith. The many questions that arise from the apologetics one being, how can they know if Christianity is right? Through a clear understanding of Christian apologetics, one can defend Christianity. The fact that the years use Before Christ (BC) and After Christ (AC) is a hint to show that Christ existed. It makes the Christian faith real (Grenz & Placher 2003, p. 283). The main agenda of the apologetics is to build a foundation that has the facts of theism. Through the systematic theology, one can gather the facts and organize them as evidence towards defending the Christian faith. It is a discipline that is focusing mainly on what the text says. It is an extensive subject that has several sub-disciplines. These are biblical languages, canonic, Biblical history and archaeology, textual criticism, exegesis proper and hermeneutics. Canonic discipline focuses on the 66 books of the Holy Bible where the New Testament has 27 books, and the Old Testament has

Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy - Essay Example The Governor of Texas, John Connally and his better half was also present there inside the car along with Mr. & Mrs. Kennedy. Sitting in a Lincoln convertible, the Kennedys and Connallys waved at the extensive and energetic swarms assembled along the parade way. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald supposedly shot three shots from the sixth storey, lethally wounding President Kennedy and genuinely harming Governor Connally. Kennedy was professed dead 30 minutes after the fact at Dallas Parkland Hospital. He was 46. Following the incident, several investigative sources stated several reasons behind the assassination of the President. There were numerous questions among the general public like, â€Å"who killed the president?† and â€Å"why he was killed?† this report will find the answers for these questions. Thus the thesis statement here can be established as, â€Å"exploring the mystery behind the presiden t’s murder and finding out the most reasonable theory related to the murder†. Maybe the focal mystery is the means by which a man who appeared to be a loser could execute such a horrendous action. Lee Harvey Oswald was aimless, to a great extent alone, distracted, as per the official Warren Commission report. Yet in seconds, he changed the course of history. History is loaded with ludicrous truths – yet regardless. The single shooter hypothesis is one numerous Americans discover hard to acknowledge. The Warren Commission, headed by US Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren, stated that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. At the same time today, 61 percent of the respondents to another Gallup survey still say they accept somebody other than Oswald was involved in the case. There are three more mysteries related to the incident. Thin at the starting, they open to uncover bigger inquiries at the close. Numerous investigators pose to

Psychology Concerns

Psychology Concerns Psychology concerns itself with the understanding of human behavior. In order to do this effectively, psychologists use a diverse range of perspectives, even when researching a single theme.   This assignment intends to discuss the claim that ‘there is a lot to be gained by studying a topic in psychology from more than one perspective. In order to discuss this claim, it will be necessary to provide definition of the terms ‘conflict, ‘coexist and ‘complement. These terms will then be applied to the themes of language and meaning and sex and gender in order to provide discussion of the claim made. It will become apparent that due to the complexity and multidimensional nature of these perspectives, the claim is truthful. Different psychologists have taken different perspectives on single psychological issues, they have produced differing theories and carried out research from their chosen perspective in order to achieve the evidence required to support these claims. These differing perspectives may conflict, (where the contrasting claims of different perspectives are mutually exclusive and cannot be resolved). They may be complimentary (where contrasting claims are mutually compatible and can be accommodated within a common explanatory framework) or they may coexist (when particular perspectives, even in the same topic area, have no real point of contact: they neither conflict nor complement one another)(Cooper Roth 2007.) There are three perspectives involved in the research into language and meaning. These are evolutionary, social constructionist and cognitive. Evolutionary perspective investigates the influence of evolution on behavior; it looks at language as a characteristic that is obtained at species level and that evolution creates the meaning The evolutionary perspective concerns itself with the influence that evolution is believed to have had upon behavior. This perspective looks at language as a characteristic gained at species level, proposing that the meaning of language was created via evolution. The process of evolution has created linguistic ability and therefore the capacity for meaning to be applied to language. Scientific investigations into the study of animals have highlighted that language in humans are different in comparison to that of non-humans. Pinker and Bloom (1990) suggest that language has numerous reproductive advantages; it was also proposed that the social significance of language has had great impact on human evolution. Evolutionary psychologists recognize language as being uniquely human and dependent upon subtle and meaningful interactions with others, this exemplifies the evolutionary perspectives coexistence with the social constructionist perspective. Leading on, the social constructionist perspective looks at language as the way in which people, through social interactions with others, construct their world. This perspective has been evidenced via hermeneutic studies. It is also proposed that language and meaning plays as role in the pursuit of goals and purposes of everyday life (Cooper and Kaye 2007). This concept regarding the pursuit of goals is not unlike the idea proposed in evolutionary psychology; that there are evolutionary factors at play when advantageous adaptive characteristics are passed through generations. These perspectives together, demonstrate that in creation of meaning for individuals external factors are influential, thus demonstrating coexistence. Cognitive psychologists take a contrasting approach to language; their perspective is that of a information processing system within the person. A computational model is used to hypothesise the contribution of both bottom-up and top-down processing of information, which underlies the creation of meaning. Evidence in support of this is obtained though scientific experiments. The cognitive approach purports that meaning precedes language. Therefore communication is considered to be the transmission of meanings between individual speakers, in contrast the perspective adopted by social constructionists claim that meaning is created between people within the goals and purpose of the conversation, this is often disputed by the persons concerned (Cooper Kaye 2007). This demonstrates conflict within the cognitive and social constructionist perspectives. Conflicts can arise within a single perspective as illustrated by Pinker (2000) and Sperber (2000) (both cited by Cooper Kaye 2007), they offered differing explanations regarding views on language within the evolutionary perspective. Pinker proposed that cognitive abilities are built upon the foundation provided by language, however Sperber proposed that language was a by-product of information processing and these cognitive abilities came first (Cooper Kaye 2007).   It is these very conflicts that invite debates within psychology and provide the justification for additional research. Moving on the writer will now evaluate coexistence or conflict between the various studies conducted with regards to sex and gender. The perspectives used, to explore sex and gender, are psychoanalytic, social constructionist, biological and evolutionary perspectives. Again, these perspectives use different research methods and therefore produce differing theories, providing diverse accounts of sex and gender which enhances the complexity of evaluating whether they are complementary, in coexistence or conflict with each other (Hollway et al 2007). The introduction highlighted that perspectives are multidimensional; the dimensions of these perspectives that interrelate and are available for comparison are in no way limited to the theories created by each one. Focus is now placed upon the methodologies within the four perspectives mentioned and the corresponding nature vs. nurture debate to evaluate these perspectives relationships with each other. The perspective that explores the role nature plays in human experience and behavior is the biological and evolutionary. Scientific approaches examining genes and biological structures provide the evidence within this perspective. The Biological perspective proposes that there is an association with genetic and physiological aspects of sex with self-evident implications for gender. PET scanning techniques and the study of material data produced from this provides strength to the claims (Swaab Fliers (1985), Allen Gorski (1990), LeVay (1991), Cooke et al (1998), all cited by Hollway et al (2007), however when used in connection with behavioural and cognitive studies they may only be understood within the light of context and environmental influences (Cooper Roth 2007). Evolutionary psychologists take the view that reproductive stratagies have evolved differently between men and women, this can account for the difference in behavior and sexual attitude. Through experiments (Clark Hatfield (1989) and studies using questionnaires (Buss et al (1992), these claims have been evidenced, however the evidence does not discount other explanations for these behaviors (cited by Hollway et al 2007). The study carried out by Clark Hatfields is consistent with the evolutionary perspective, suggesting that behavior is passed through generations as genetically programmed, however the findings also support sexual behavior being influenced by cultural patterns and social pressure, therefore consistent with the social constructionist perspective (Hollway et al 2007). Both perspectives emphasise the influence of nature in human behavior demonstrating they are complimentary to one another, however they can also be considered to coexist as they both use a scientific method using systematic observation of phenomena under experimentation. The hermeneutic method is adopted by both the social constructionist and psychoanalytical approach directed by subjective data collection and analysis and the focus is on interpretation which is provided by a persons beliefs and experiences. The Psychoanalytic perspective recognizes the significance of biological dissimilarity along with the cultural and social meanings of these dissimilarities, and the social constuctionist perspectives explores the significance of culture and context in the construction of ideas about gender (Hollway et al 2007). The argument raised by the social constructionist is that gender is a product of culture rather than something which can be explained through biological sex status, thus conflicting with the general hypothesis raised by biological and evolutionary methodology and in contrast exhibits the   effect of nature on gender development. Historical and social context provide the framework for experience, behavior and knowledge regarding sex and gender in the social constructionist perspective, additionally discourse analysis has afforded support for gender-appropriate behaviours between girls and boys, in relation to school activities and subjects and toys (Haywood Mac an Ghaill (1996), cited by Hollway et al 2007). The psychodynamic perspective attempts to comprehend how girls and boys obtain a sexed and gendered sense of self, as they grow up, within the family context. This perspective acknowledges the significance of biological and societal accounts; an exemplar is exploring how a baby, sexed by its biology and gendered by society, acquires psychological gender that becomes fundamental to its later development as a person (Hollway et al 2007). Comparable with the social constructionist perspective, social discourses are assessed, accordingly the two perspectives are complementary as they both acquire understanding of experiences being gendered through the hermeneutic approach. It is however emphasized by Cooper Roth (2007) that psychoanalysis, unlike most other perspectives, is unable to validate its claims. Psychoanalysis is unique in recognizing the role of biological and social factors, consequently that nature and nurture are both equally significant within sex and gender, this could therefore lead to a complementary relationship or even so far as coexisting with all three other perspectives. Together these four perspectives, to differing extents, place significance upon biological and social factors which signifies them complementing one another. Due to the distinctiveness of the claims within each perspective however, an argument could be raised that the perspectives coexist as the differences are significant. In seeking an understanding of a topic such as those outlined in this assignment, various perspectives can be complementary as they all endeavor to elucidate phenomena. In conclusion there is a lot to be gained by studying a topic in psychology from more than one perspective as the propositions considered within psychology are multidimensional for example the theory; the methods and data used; the levels of analysis, and themes such as nature or nurture. Understanding topics such as language and meaning, or sex and gender, is enhanced by the wealth of information that the variety of perspectives offer. By studying a topic in psychology from more than one perspective and evaluating whether perspectives coexist, conflict or complement each other reinforces the dynamism and vibrancy of psychology.

Gangs Essay -- Gang Essays

When was the last time you were able to turn on the news and not hear about some sort of violent act? Crime is a growing concern amongst most cities, and street gangs are behind a lot of the trouble. Street gangs have plagued the streets for centuries and there is no stopping the urge to commit such hideous crimes. Gangs grow from recruiting young kids but what makes a kid decide to join a crime filled lifestyle. The gang life contains many negative aspects including the most notorious reason for violence, drugs. Getting high seems appealing to many students but with the excitement of getting high comes the responsibility of buying and selling the drugs. The biggest reason for a gang to start would be drugs. Marijuana might seem like a harmless drug but it can be the most dangerous drug to start doing. When someone smokes marijuana it attracts them to use other drugs and these addictions need gang support. Addictions attract young kids to this lifestyle to keep themselves supplied with drugs. With the drug lifestyle comes the violent aspect of it. Violence is important to gangs because it draws fear in the eyes of those who try to stand up to them. Violence is the worst aspect of gang life because it keeps getting worse as gangs keep growing larger. Violent acts are the biggest reason society has a negative outlook on gang life. But young gang members don’t start out using violent acts to get attention but by simple crimes like shoplifting. Even though shoplifting is a crime that puts people in jail, it seems like an easy way for attention for young kids. Shoplifting is also a very addicting activity because it’s a rush for the people that do it. Shoplifting can start out with something small like a keychain but then it keeps getting worse as one keeps stealing bigger things like money and electronics. When a young kid gets involved with gang activity their personality changes in a bad way. Now that the young gang member is part of some kind of illegal crimes their personality changes because they feel unstoppable. These young kids feel invincible, almost as if nobody can stand in their way, which can be a big problem to the people who stand in their way. These kids act as though they have no fear so this leads to more crime, which further leads to jail time. So why would young kids want to join a life of crime? The answers are numerous. Some kids a... ...f supplied and to make your profit. The next step up from being a drug dealer is to perform acts of violence to keep your gang feared. These are the kids who nobody dare mess with because rumors and stories spread quickly which makes them seem more popular. When the gang kids hear about them they instantly try to recruit them bribing them with drugs and money. These kids then have to be ready to fight the gang’s battles if anything ever gets bad. Then there are the ones who are on the top of the gang life ladder who gives out all the orders, which the others will follow. These are the kids that normally don’t deal drugs or use violence to scare people but are very smart. I consider them to be the most dangerous because they are the ones who control all the other gang members and use their powerful minds to bring fear to those who try to defy them. Gangs will forever be in the media and as long as crime still plagues the streets gangs will be recruiting young kids for there evil deeds. Family and friends need to stop ignoring the younger generation because their lives aren’t as simple as everyone thinks. Growing up isn’t easy and to find comfort in this lifestyle is very easy.

Neighbours

Everyone has neighbours, that much is obvious. Whether they live down the street or if they live within throwing distance. Every person, every family, and every neighbourhood is different. Some neighbours can be very inconsiderate, and then there are some who are very considerate towards helping and respecting others. The inconsiderate neighbour is the one constantly playing loud music, and when someone complains they do not change their ways at all. The considerate neighbour may be the one who is always lending a helping hand; even before you ask for help.Then there is the silent neighbour, who may fall into either category, being considerate or inconsiderate depending how you want your neighbours to be. Whether your neighbours are the inconsiderate loud type or the considerate, over friendly and helpful type it is all about personal preference and how you want your neighbours to be and act towards you. All types of neighbours are an important part to each community, they can help u s to learn to communicate and relate to all different types of people. Whether they are noisy and inconsiderate, silent and keep to themselves, or if they are helpful and considerate, they are all our neighbours.An inconsiderate neighbour may be the worst type of neighbour to have. They can be anything from loud to Just plain out rude. An inconsiderate neighbour is usually the one who stays up late and comes home late, driving fast, squealing their tires around corners, and slamming the car doors. They play loud music with no cares as to who is sleeping. The worst part is the typical inconsiderate person has bad taste in music, so when they get home late playing loud music it is usually bad music; which makes it even worse. Playing loud music and coming home late is not the only thing that makes someone inconsiderate.And inconsiderate neighbour does not care for anyone or respect anyone, this neighbour will not change their ways due to complaints from others. Every street has its fa ir share of inconsiderate neighbours; neighbours and I all share the same feeling towards one family. They always tend to ask favours and never do anything in return. They have come to my cottage many times asking to use the phone, computer, or some type of tool. But if anyone in my family or I was to ask a favour we would get shooed away, and feel as if we are intruding or being a pain by asking a small favour.These same neighbours have sed my family dock many times and have broken parts off it at least two times. They never offer to offer to fix it or even apologize. The one time was when these specific neighbours had their boat tied to the dock and we needed to tie our boat there, but of course their boat was taking up all the room, and left us in an awkward position where we could not even park at our own dock. Of course the typical inconsiderate neighbour is stereotyped in playing loud music and most of the time it is bad music. And of course these neighbours at my cottage play their fair share of bad music; at least I think it is bad music.Many people may feel that an inconsiderate neighbour is the one who is rude, disrespectful, plays bad music loudly, and who has no care for the opinion of others. Some people may even believe that the silent neighbour who keeps to themselves is being inconsiderate. A silent neighbour may be an inconsiderate or considerate neighbour. It all depends on personal preference, about how you want your neighbours to act towards you. If you prefer to have neighbours who keep to themselves and stay silent, then these types of people you may say are very considerate neighbours.Although others may say someone who keeps to themselves, who does not attend eighbourhood activities or who does not lend a helping hand when needed, are very inconsiderate. Although everyone has their own idea of a perfect neighbour we usually are not lucky enough to live beside the perfect neighbour. A silent neighbour I think is a good neighbour; they ke ep to themselves and mind their own business. I have a few neighbours at my cottage who I would consider â€Å"silent† neighbours. There is many times where they Just mind their own business and do not attend neighbourly gatherings for no apparent reason.These neighbours specifically do not even allow their children to play with other young children in the area. A few years ago I was put in a situation where I had to ask one of my silent neighbours who was an ex- nurse for a favour. I had cut my finger badly while baking and needed to go to the hospital to get stiches, neither my brother nor l, who were the only ones home at the time, were able to drive. We went across the street and asked one of our neighbours who we barely talk to if she could look at my finger and drive me to the hospital if needed.Of course she was able to tell me I needed stitches and drive me to the hospital. Sometimes these neighbours come off as inconsiderate, but I believe they Just refer to keep to themselves and not be bothered. Of course in case of an emergency these neighbours are always there to help if asked, or if something needed to be borrowed. I believe silent neighbours are good neighbours, because most of the time they are considerate towards your being, considerate towards loud music, and will be there for a favour if you ever needed and asked.There are many neighbours who Just prefer to keep to themselves, and then there are neighbours who are always out and There are all types of considerate and inconsiderate neighbours, someone who is oud or stays out late, I would consider them inconsiderate. There are also many types of considerate neighbours, those who Just keep to themselves, then those who are extremely helpful and friendly. I believe having considerate and helpful neighbours is always a good thing. They are there to help before being asked, and they always have the tools you need to borrow.The typical helpful neighbour is always very friendly and outgoing, they are always outside or around on the street, talking to or helping other neighbours. The helpful neighbour always has the proper tools or items you would need for whatever it is you are doing. At my cottage there are many neighbours who will come and help with a project if you ask for help. But when I think of one specific neighbour who is extremely helpful and very friendly, there is one person who sticks out in my mind. We all know someone, or have someone on our street or at our cottages that is like this.My experience with this helpful neighbour is whenever we have to take the docks out it in the fall or put the docks back in, in the spring. There has been a few times my family has been taking docks out, or putting them in cold 15 degrees Celsius water and this specific eighbour came down to my cottage and Just Jumped into the water to help, even without asking if we needed help or if we even wanted help. This small gesture done by this neighbour always sticks out in my min d because he came and helped without is asking for help.My dad is the type of person who I would consider a helpful neighbour, he will always offer help to someone but will not ask for help when he needs help. The other day he was helping out a neighbour who is adding an extension on to his house. One of the roof beams had fallen and landed on my dad's forehead. He had to go to the hospital and get 24 stitches and a scan for a oncussion. When he was out of the hospital I asked him if he would go back and finish helping the neighbour, and he said of course he would.My dad is the type of person I would enjoy having as my neighbour, he is always there to lend a helping hand no matter what has occurred. Typically a helpful neighbour is very friendly and outgoing. My neighbour at the cottage and my dad are both very friendly and outgoing, at times it becomes a little bit excessive but we all enjoy having extra help, especially with Jobs we do not want to do. There are many types of neigh bours, noisy and loud, silent and private, or riendly, outgoing and helpful.Everyone has the perfect neighbour they wish they could have, but most of the time we get stuck with a few inconsiderate and a few considerate neighbours. But all these types of neighbours are what makes our communities exciting and fun. Everyone has neighbours and everyone has the perfect idea of how they want their neighbours to be and act. My perfect neighbour would be ones who have fun, and enjoy themselves but who are respective to those around them, when they come home late, by not slamming doors or squealing tires in the middle of the night.My erfect neighbour would be friendly, helpful, and outgoing to an extent. They would know how to mind their own business and not intrude, but when invited out or to a neighbourhood gathering they will attend. Writing this has me thinking about what type of neighbour I am. I believe everyone has their moments of being a perfect neighbour could be makes me thankful to the neighbours who I have at my house and my cottage. All neighbours share their own part in our community, they help us to learn to communicate, and relate to inconsiderate and considerate people. Makes you wonder, what type of neighbour are you?

Psychology of Body Language

Navarro, Joe. (2008, January 1). Fast forces of attraction. Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/200712/fast-forces-attraction | â€Å"Pitch correlates only loosely with height, but is closely tied to hormone levels—meaning it's a good indicator of fertility or dominance, as well as health and attractiveness. â€Å"In general, people with attractive voices have attractive faces,† says David Feinberg, a psychologist at McMaster University. † (pg. )| This is interesting because well one the use of the word correlation in this statement made me think of the correlation research method. Did they do actual research? And then I continued to where David Feinberg made his statement, and I believe this is untrue because again each person’s perception is different, I then continued to think of the saying â€Å"you have a face for radio† it just seemed contradictory. | | | â€Å"Accents affect our perceptions, as do speed and pitch. We jud ge fast talkers to be more educated, and those with varied inflection to be more interesting. Men prefer higher voices in women, and women like deeper voices in men (especially when ovulating or looking for a short-term relationship)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 1)| When the word â€Å"perception† came about I immediately thought of the Cognitive Prospective. | †¦Ã¢â‚¬ That's why our brains have set us up to draw instantaneous inferences from tiny nuances of behavior, what psychologists call â€Å"thin slices† of judgment. We form first impressions of another's attractiveness in a tenth of a second, generating a symphonic burst of desire in which everything from voice to wit plays a part†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( pg. ). | This section made me think that they used the Biological Prospective to explain the reasoning and help make it easier to see. | â€Å"People like people whom others find attractive. You might be inclined to think it's because socializing with (or sleeping with) the It girl enhances your own status in the crowd. † (pg. 2)| Right here is a great example of the Socio-cultural Prospective. It’s all about where you stand in our society today, and by this statement it is easy to see because it is very true. Its seems most evident in college students, seeing it firsthand. | â€Å"Most of us are drawn to those who hail from our own side of the tracks, and men and women are marrying within their social class much more than ever. † (pg. 2)| Again a perfect example of Sociocultural Prospective. | â€Å"†¦But ask 5,000 people and clear patterns emerge. Some traits have universal sex appeal because they're markers of good genes, health, and fertility: a fit body, clear skin, a symmetrical face with average-sized and -shaped features, and traits that mark sex hormones†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. )| Now this section exemplifies the Evolutionary Prospective because people, even unknowingly, look for these traits because they want they’re offspring to be the strongest the fittest, which made me think of Darwinism. ‘The strong will survive. † The stronger, healthier, smarter, and most attractive evolve, the stay alive and most importantly pass their genes on. | Summary: this article was quite interesting, it talked about all aspects of attraction and explained from various prospectives of psychology. It talked about physical attributes such as looks, voice, health ect, to the mental part of attraction. | |